الجمعة
Al Jumuah
Verses
11
Revelation
Madani
Period
Madinan
Surah No.
62 / 114
Al-Jumuah opens by affirming Allah's sending of an unlettered prophet to the Arabs – a mercy to those who had no previous scripture – and criticises those among the Jews who were entrusted with the Torah yet did not act by it, comparing them to a donkey carrying books. The surah then legislates the obligation of the Friday congregational prayer and prohibits trade and worldly activity during the call to prayer, affirming that the prayer takes precedence over commerce.
أسباب النزول
The final verses were revealed when a trading caravan arrived in Madinah during a Friday sermon and the congregation largely dispersed to meet it, leaving only a handful with the Prophet. Allah responded with a mild rebuke and a clarification of priorities. The opening verses addressing the unlettered prophet were part of the original revelation establishing the universal mission of Muhammad.
“O you who have believed, when the call to prayer is made on the day of Friday, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.”
The Quranic command establishing the Friday prayer as a communal obligation and the primacy of dhikr over all worldly pursuits at that designated time.
“It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves.”
Affirming the miraculous nature of the Prophet's mission – an unlettered man bringing a profound scripture to a people without a revealed book, as fulfilment of Ibrahim's prayer.