ص
Sad
Verses
88
Revelation
Makki
Period
Middle Makkan
Surah No.
38 / 114
Named after the single Arabic letter Sad with which it opens, this surah addresses the arrogance of the Quraysh leaders who rejected the Prophet out of tribal jealousy and pride. It presents the stories of Dawud, Sulayman, and Ayyub as models of prophetic character – power combined with gratitude, and suffering met with patience. The surah also contains the extended account of Iblis's refusal to prostrate to Adam and his vow to mislead humanity, setting the stage for the cosmic conflict between guidance and misguidance.
أسباب النزول
Scholars report that leading Qurayshi elders, including Abu Jahl and Abu Lahab, visited Abu Talib to pressure him to withdraw his support from the Prophet, claiming that a man from the tribe of Makhzum or Abd Shams was more deserving of prophethood. This tribal rejection prompted the revelation of the surah's opening verses on the arrogance of disbelievers. The story of Dawud (38:21-25) was revealed regarding a specific incident requiring prophetic self-examination.
“A blessed Book which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], that they might reflect upon its verses and that those of understanding would be reminded.”
A key verse on the purpose of the Quran: not merely recitation but contemplation (tadabbur). Frequently cited by scholars emphasising the importance of deep engagement with the text.
“He said, "By Your might, I will surely mislead them all."”
Iblis's declaration of his intention to mislead humanity, an important theological statement on the nature of satanic enmity and the need for ongoing vigilance.