الروم
Ar Rum
Verses
60
Revelation
Makki
Period
Late Makkan
Surah No.
30 / 114
Surah Ar-Rum opens with a specific historical prophecy: the Romans had been defeated by the Persians, but within three to nine years, the Romans would defeat the Persians. This prophecy was fulfilled at the Battle of Nineveh in 627 CE. The surah uses this prediction as evidence that the Quran is of divine origin, since no human could have known this with such certainty. The surah then discusses signs of Allah in nature, marriage as one of His signs, and the human's innate disposition (fitra) toward monotheism.
أسباب النزول
The opening verses were revealed around 614 CE when the Persians defeated the Byzantines and captured Jerusalem. The pagan Quraysh celebrated the Persian victory as they identified more with the idol-worshipping Persians than the monotheistic Byzantines. Abu Bakr bet the pagans that the Romans would win back within ten years, based on this revelation. When the Romans defeated Persia in 627 CE, the prophecy was fulfilled exactly, and Abu Bakr won the bet.
“And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy.”
One of the most frequently cited Quranic verses about marriage, used in Islamic wedding ceremonies. This verse presents the marital relationship as a divine sign and establishes its foundation as tranquillity, affection, and mercy.
“So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. The natural inclination (fitra) of Allah upon which He has created all people.”
The verse on fitra (the innate human disposition toward monotheism). The Prophet said: "Every child is born in a state of fitra, then his parents make him a Jew, Christian, or Magian." This verse is the Quranic foundation for the concept of fitra.